The Afghan Constitution was adopted in 2004, establishing the legal framework for the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. It outlines the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the principles of governance, emphasizing democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. The Constitution consists of 162 articles divided into 12 chapters, covering topics such as the separation of powers, the role of the President, and the judiciary. It also recognizes the importance of Islam in the legal system while ensuring that citizens have fundamental rights, including freedom of speech and equality before the law.