Affective disorders, also known as mood disorders, are mental health conditions that primarily affect a person's emotional state. Common types include depression and bipolar disorder. These disorders can lead to significant changes in mood, energy levels, and overall functioning, impacting daily life and relationships. Symptoms of affective disorders may include persistent sadness, irritability, or extreme mood swings. Treatment options often involve a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Early intervention and support are crucial for managing these conditions effectively and improving quality of life.