Actionism is an art movement that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, primarily in Austria and Germany. It emphasizes spontaneous, often chaotic performances that blur the lines between art and life. Artists engage in provocative actions, using their bodies and various materials to challenge societal norms and provoke emotional responses from the audience. The movement is closely associated with the Vienna Action Group, which included notable figures like Günter Brus and Otto Muehl. Actionism often incorporates elements of performance art, focusing on the physicality of the artist's body and the visceral impact of their actions, making it a significant precursor to contemporary art practices.