Academic grading is a system used by educational institutions to evaluate and communicate a student's performance in their studies. Grades are typically assigned based on a combination of assignments, tests, and participation, reflecting the student's understanding of the material. Common grading scales include letter grades, such as A, B, C, D, and F, with A being the highest and F indicating failure. In addition to letter grades, some schools use numerical scores or grade point averages (GPAs) to provide a more detailed assessment. The GPA is calculated by averaging the grades earned in courses, often on a scale from 0.0 to 4.0. This system helps students, parents, and educators track academic progress and make informed decisions about future educational opportunities.