Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the nervous system and adrenal glands. It is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, which is responsible for the breakdown of very long-chain fatty acids. When this process is disrupted, these fatty acids accumulate, leading to damage in the brain and spinal cord, as well as adrenal insufficiency. ALD can manifest in various forms, with the most severe being cerebral ALD, which typically appears in young boys. Symptoms may include behavioral changes, difficulty in school, and physical disabilities. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the condition and improving quality of life.