"A Theory of Justice," written by John Rawls, presents a framework for creating a fair society. Rawls introduces the concept of the "original position," where individuals, behind a "veil of ignorance," decide on the principles of justice without knowing their own social status. This ensures that the rules are fair and impartial, promoting equality and protecting the least advantaged members of society.
The book emphasizes two key principles: the first guarantees equal basic rights for all, while the second allows social and economic inequalities only if they benefit everyone, especially the disadvantaged. Through this approach, Rawls aims to establish a just society that prioritizes fairness and cooperation.