The 9th century, spanning from the year 801 to 900, was a significant period in medieval history. It saw the rise of powerful kingdoms in Europe, including the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire under Charlemagne, who united much of Western Europe. This era also marked the spread of Christianity and the development of feudalism, which shaped social and political structures. In Asia, the 9th century was notable for the flourishing of the Tang Dynasty in China, known for its cultural and technological advancements. Meanwhile, the Islamic Golden Age continued, with scholars making important contributions in fields like mathematics, astronomy, and medicine.