The 7th century, spanning from the year 601 to 700, was a significant period in world history marked by various cultural, political, and religious developments. This era saw the rise of the Islamic Caliphate, which began with the life of the Prophet Muhammad and the subsequent spread of Islam across the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. In Europe, the 7th century was characterized by the decline of the Roman Empire and the emergence of various kingdoms, including the Franks and the Anglo-Saxons. This period also witnessed the spread of Christianity, with missionaries working to convert various tribes and regions throughout the continent.