A 64-bit operating system is a type of software that manages computer hardware and software resources, allowing for more efficient processing of data. It can handle larger amounts of memory compared to a 32-bit system, supporting up to 16 exabytes of RAM, which is beneficial for running demanding applications and multitasking. This system architecture enables better performance for modern applications, especially those requiring significant computational power, such as video editing software and 3D rendering programs. Additionally, a 64-bit operating system can run both 64-bit and 32-bit applications, providing flexibility for users with various software needs.