32-bit architecture refers to a computer architecture that uses 32 bits to represent data and memory addresses. This means that the processor can handle 2^32 different memory locations, allowing for a maximum of 4 gigabytes of RAM. It is commonly used in older computers and embedded systems. In a 32-bit system, data types such as integers and pointers are typically 32 bits wide, which influences how software is developed and executed. While 32-bit architecture was prevalent in the past, many modern systems have transitioned to 64-bit architecture, which supports larger amounts of memory and improved performance.