64-bit architecture refers to a computer architecture that uses 64 bits to represent data and memory addresses. This allows for a larger range of values and more memory access compared to 32-bit systems, which can only handle up to 4 gigabytes of RAM. With 64-bit architecture, computers can utilize significantly more memory, improving performance for applications that require large data sets. Additionally, 64-bit processors can execute more complex calculations and handle larger integers more efficiently. This architecture is commonly found in modern operating systems and software applications, enabling better multitasking and enhanced performance for tasks such as gaming, video editing, and scientific computing.