In the 1st century, Judea was a region in the eastern part of the Roman Empire, known for its diverse population, including Jews, Greeks, and Romans. The area was marked by political tension, especially between the local Jewish population and Roman authorities, leading to social unrest and uprisings. During this time, Jerusalem was a significant religious center, home to the Second Temple, which was central to Jewish worship. The region also experienced the teachings of influential figures, including Jesus of Nazareth, whose life and message would later have a profound impact on history and religion.