In the 19th century, politicians played a crucial role in shaping modern governments and societies. This period saw the rise of influential figures such as Abraham Lincoln in the United States and Otto von Bismarck in Germany. Many politicians focused on issues like slavery, industrialization, and nationalism, which significantly impacted their countries. Political parties became more organized during this time, with movements like liberalism and socialism gaining traction. Elections were often contentious, reflecting the diverse opinions of the populace. The actions and policies of 19th-century politicians laid the groundwork for contemporary political systems and ideologies.