Nineteenth-century fiction refers to novels and stories written during the 1800s, a period marked by significant social, political, and technological changes. This era saw the rise of the novel as a popular literary form, with authors exploring themes such as class struggle, industrialization, and human rights. Notable writers include Charles Dickens, Jane Austen, and Leo Tolstoy, whose works often reflected the complexities of their societies. The 19th century also witnessed the emergence of various literary movements, including Romanticism, which emphasized emotion and nature, and Realism, which focused on everyday life and social issues. These movements influenced the storytelling techniques and character development in fiction, leading to a rich and diverse literary landscape.