Nineteenth-century American literature reflects the diverse experiences and ideas of a growing nation. This period saw the emergence of distinct literary movements, including Transcendentalism, which emphasized individual intuition and the connection to nature, as seen in the works of authors like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Additionally, the era produced notable writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville, who explored complex themes of morality and human nature. The rise of Realism and Romanticism also marked this time, showcasing a shift from idealized portrayals to more authentic representations of American life and society.