In the 1930s, Brazil experienced significant political and social changes. The decade began with the end of the Old Republic, which had been marked by regional oligarchies. In 1930, Getúlio Vargas came to power after a revolution, leading to a more centralized government and the establishment of the Estado Novo in 1937, a period characterized by authoritarian rule. Economically, Brazil faced challenges during the Great Depression, which affected its coffee exports. The government implemented reforms to diversify the economy, promoting industrialization and infrastructure development. This era laid the groundwork for Brazil's future growth and modernization.