The 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to J. J. Thomson for his discovery of the electron, a fundamental particle that plays a crucial role in the structure of atoms. This groundbreaking work laid the foundation for modern atomic theory and significantly advanced the field of physics. In the category of Medicine, the prize was awarded to Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón y Cajal for their pioneering research on the structure of the nervous system. Their work utilized innovative staining techniques, leading to a better understanding of neurons and their connections, which are essential for understanding brain function.