The 18th century, spanning from 1701 to 1800, was a period marked by significant social, political, and cultural changes. It is often associated with the Age of Enlightenment, a time when reason and science began to challenge traditional beliefs. This era saw the rise of influential thinkers like Voltaire and John Locke, who promoted ideas about individual rights and government. In addition to intellectual advancements, the 18th century experienced major political upheavals, including the American Revolution and the French Revolution. These events reshaped nations and inspired movements for democracy and independence worldwide. The century also witnessed developments in art and literature, with figures like Jonathan Swift and Jean-Jacques Rousseau making lasting contributions.