The 18th century, spanning from 1701 to 1800, was a period marked by significant social, political, and cultural changes. It witnessed the rise of the Enlightenment, a movement that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights. This era also saw the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, which transformed economies from agrarian to industrial. In addition to these changes, the 18th century was characterized by major political events, including the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the French Revolution (1789-1799). These revolutions challenged traditional authority and promoted ideas of democracy and liberty, influencing future generations and shaping modern governance.