The 1860 United States Census was the eighth national census conducted in the United States, taking place on June 1, 1860. It aimed to count the population and gather demographic information, including age, sex, race, and occupation. This census recorded a total population of approximately 31.4 million people, marking a significant increase from the previous census in 1850. The 1860 census was notable for its detailed data on slavery, as it recorded the number of enslaved individuals in each state. This information highlighted the growing divide between the Northern and Southern states, contributing to the tensions that eventually led to the American Civil War.