In 1851, London was a bustling metropolis and the capital of the United Kingdom. It was a time of significant industrial growth, marked by the expansion of factories and the rise of the working class. The city was also preparing for the Great Exhibition, a world's fair showcasing advancements in technology and culture, held in the Crystal Palace. The population of London was around 2.5 million, making it one of the largest cities in the world. The city was characterized by its diverse neighborhoods, with a mix of wealth and poverty. Key landmarks included the Houses of Parliament, Westminster Abbey, and the Tower of London.