The 1755 earthquake struck on November 1, causing widespread devastation in Lisbon, Portugal. It registered an estimated magnitude of 8.5 to 9.0, making it one of the most powerful earthquakes in European history. The quake was followed by a tsunami and fires, leading to significant loss of life and destruction of buildings. The disaster prompted a reevaluation of urban planning and disaster preparedness in Lisbon. It also influenced philosophical and theological discussions in Europe, particularly regarding the nature of evil and suffering, as seen in the works of thinkers like Voltaire and Kant.