The 131st United States Congress convened from January 3, 1949, to August 2, 1950. It consisted of the Senate and the House of Representatives, with the Democratic Party holding a majority in both chambers. Key issues during this Congress included post-World War II recovery and the beginning of the Cold War. During its sessions, the 131st Congress addressed various legislative matters, including economic policies and national security. Significant legislation included the Housing Act of 1949, which aimed to improve housing conditions, and the Defense Production Act, which facilitated the production of materials for national defense.