1,2-diol, also known as a vicinal diol, is a type of organic compound that contains two hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms. This structure allows 1,2-diols to participate in various chemical reactions, making them important in organic chemistry. They can be found in many natural substances, including sugars and certain alcohols. These compounds are often used in the synthesis of other chemicals and can serve as intermediates in various industrial processes. 1,2-diols are also relevant in the production of antifreeze and as solvents in different applications. Their unique properties make them valuable in both laboratory and commercial settings.