침하 refers to the gradual sinking or settling of the ground surface. This phenomenon can occur due to various factors, including the extraction of underground resources, changes in groundwater levels, or the weight of buildings and structures. It can lead to structural damage and affect the stability of roads and other infrastructure. In urban areas, 침하 is often a concern because it can result in uneven surfaces and cracks in buildings. Monitoring and managing this issue is essential to ensure the safety of structures and the well-being of residents. Engineers and geologists study 침하 to develop solutions and prevent further damage.