손문 (Sun Yat-sen) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader, often referred to as the "Father of Modern China." He played a crucial role in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912. His political philosophy, known as Three Principles of the People, emphasized nationalism, democracy, and the welfare of the people. Born on November 12, 1866, in Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen studied medicine before turning to politics. He founded the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) and worked tirelessly to unify China. Sun's legacy continues to influence Chinese politics and is celebrated in both mainland China and Taiwan.