상나라, or the Shang Dynasty, was one of the earliest recorded Chinese dynasties, existing from around 1600 to 1046 BCE. It is known for its advanced bronze casting, which was used to create weapons, tools, and ritual vessels. The dynasty's capital was located at Anyang, where archaeological discoveries have revealed significant artifacts and oracle bones used for divination. The Shang Dynasty is also notable for its development of a writing system, which laid the foundation for modern Chinese characters. The society was organized into a hierarchical structure, with a king at the top, supported by nobles and skilled artisans. The Shang people practiced ancestor worship and held elaborate rituals to honor their deities.