"공화국" is the Korean word for "republic," a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter." In a republic, the power rests with the people, who elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf. This system contrasts with monarchies, where a king or queen holds power. In a republic, the rule of law is essential, ensuring that laws apply equally to all citizens. Many countries, including 대한민국 (South Korea) and 미국 (the United States), operate as republics, emphasizing democratic principles and individual rights.