百済 (Baekje) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, alongside 高句麗 (Goguryeo) and 新羅 (Silla). Founded in 18 BCE, it was located in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula. Baekje was known for its advanced culture, art, and trade, playing a significant role in the spread of Buddhism in Korea and Japan. The kingdom reached its peak during the 4th and 5th centuries, establishing strong diplomatic ties with China and Japan. However, Baekje eventually fell to the combined forces of Silla and the Tang Dynasty in 660 CE, leading to its decline and eventual absorption into Silla.