後果論, or "Consequentialism," is an ethical theory that judges the morality of actions based on their outcomes. According to this view, the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the consequences it produces, rather than by any intrinsic qualities of the action itself. This approach emphasizes the importance of maximizing positive results and minimizing harm. One of the most well-known forms of consequentialism is 效益主義 (Utilitarianism), which advocates for actions that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. In this framework, ethical decisions are made by evaluating the potential benefits and drawbacks of different actions, aiming for the best overall outcome for society.