小乘, or "Hinayana," refers to a branch of Buddhism that emphasizes individual enlightenment and personal practice. It focuses on the teachings of the historical Buddha, 释迦牟尼, and encourages followers to seek their own path to nirvana through meditation and ethical living. This tradition is often associated with the 南传佛教 (Theravada Buddhism), which is practiced mainly in countries like 泰国, 缅甸, and 斯里兰卡. 小乘 is characterized by its conservative approach to Buddhist teachings, prioritizing the original texts and the monastic community's role in preserving the teachings.