孙中山 (Sun Yat-sen) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader who played a crucial role in ending the Qing Dynasty and establishing the Republic of China. Born on November 12, 1866, he is often referred to as the "Father of Modern China" for his efforts in promoting nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood. Sun Yat-sen founded the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) and was instrumental in the 1911 revolution that led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty. He served as the provisional president of the Republic of China and advocated for reforms to modernize the country, influencing future leaders like Chiang Kai-shek. Sun passed away on March 12, 1925, but his legacy continues to impact Chinese politics today.