“女王” (nǚwáng) is the Chinese term for "queen." It refers to a female monarch who holds the highest authority in a kingdom or state. Queens can be either reigning monarchs, who govern, or consorts, who are married to kings. The role of a queen varies by culture and history, often involving ceremonial duties and political influence. In many cultures, such as in the United Kingdom or Egypt, queens have played significant roles in shaping their nations. They may be involved in diplomacy, social issues, and cultural patronage. Famous historical queens include Cleopatra and Queen Elizabeth II, who are known for their leadership and impact on history.