古文 (gǔwén) refers to classical Chinese literature and language used from the Zhou Dynasty to the early 20th century. It is characterized by its complex grammar, rich vocabulary, and literary style. 古文 includes various forms of writing, such as poetry, essays, and historical texts, and is often studied for its cultural and historical significance. The study of 古文 is essential for understanding traditional Chinese philosophy, history, and literature. Notable works include texts by famous figures like 孔子 (Confucius) and 老子 (Laozi). Today, 古文 remains an important part of Chinese education and cultural heritage.