历史 (history) is the study of past events, particularly in human affairs. It helps us understand how societies, cultures, and civilizations have evolved over time. By examining records, artifacts, and oral traditions, historians piece together narratives that explain how people lived, what they believed, and how they interacted with one another. The importance of 历史 lies in its ability to inform the present and guide the future. By learning from past mistakes and successes, societies can make better decisions. Key events, such as the Industrial Revolution or the Fall of the Roman Empire, serve as critical lessons in understanding human progress and societal change.