南京大屠杀, also known as the Nanjing Massacre, occurred during the Second Sino-Japanese War from December 1937 to January 1938. Japanese troops captured the city of Nanjing, then the capital of China, and committed widespread atrocities against civilians and disarmed soldiers. Estimates suggest that hundreds of thousands of people were killed, and many women were subjected to sexual violence. The event is a significant and tragic part of Chinese history, highlighting the brutalities of war. It has been the subject of extensive research and discussion, with various memorials established to honor the victims and educate future generations about the importance of peace and reconciliation.