佛教 (Buddhism) is a spiritual tradition founded in the 5th to 4th century BCE by 释迦牟尼 (Siddhartha Gautama), known as the 佛 (Buddha). It teaches the path to enlightenment through practices such as meditation, ethical conduct, and wisdom. Central concepts include the 四圣谛 (Four Noble Truths) and the 八正道 (Noble Eightfold Path), which guide followers in overcoming suffering and achieving Nirvana. Buddhism emphasizes the importance of compassion and mindfulness. It has various branches, including 大乘佛教 (Mahayana) and 小乘佛教 (Theravada), each with unique practices and beliefs. Today, Buddhism is practiced worldwide, influencing cultures and philosophies across Asia and beyond.