住民票 (jūminhyō) is a Japanese resident registration document that records essential information about individuals living in Japan. It includes details such as name, address, date of birth, and family relationships. This document is crucial for various administrative processes, including applying for health insurance and enrolling in schools. In Japan, every resident is required to register their address with the local government office, which issues the 住民票. It serves as proof of residency and is often needed for official purposes, such as opening a bank account or obtaining a driver's license.