アートマン (Self) is a concept in Indian philosophy, particularly in Hinduism and Buddhism. It refers to the true essence or soul of an individual, which is considered eternal and unchanging. The understanding of アートマン is central to various spiritual practices, emphasizing self-realization and the connection between the individual and the universe. In Advaita Vedanta, a school of Hindu philosophy, アートマン is seen as identical to Brahman, the ultimate reality. This non-dualistic perspective teaches that realizing one's true self leads to liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death (samsara). Understanding アートマン encourages introspection and a deeper awareness of one's existence.