محمد رضا شاه was the last monarch of Iran, ruling from 1941 until the 1979 revolution. He was born on October 27, 1919, and became king after his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi, was forced to abdicate during World War II. His reign was marked by significant modernization efforts, including reforms in education, health, and women's rights. Despite his modernization initiatives, محمد رضا شاه faced growing opposition due to political repression and economic issues. His close ties with the United States and the Western powers led to widespread discontent. In 1979, he was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution, leading to the establishment of an Islamic Republic.