محمدرضا پهلوی was the last Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 until his overthrow in 1979. He was born on October 27, 1919, and became king after his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi, was forced to abdicate during World War II. His reign was marked by significant modernization efforts and economic reforms, known as the White Revolution, which aimed to transform Iran into a more industrialized nation. Despite his modernization efforts, محمدرضا پهلوی faced growing opposition due to political repression and social inequality. His regime was characterized by authoritarian rule, leading to widespread discontent. In 1979, he was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution, which resulted in the establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini.