عمر خیام was a Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet born in 1048 in Nishapur, Iran. He is best known for his contributions to mathematics, particularly in algebra, and for his work on the Jalali calendar, which improved the accuracy of the solar calendar. His mathematical treatises laid the groundwork for future developments in the field. In addition to his scientific achievements, خیام is celebrated for his poetry, especially the Rubaiyat, a collection of quatrains that explore themes of love, nature, and the fleeting nature of life. His literary work has been translated into many languages, making him a prominent figure in world literature.