"شواهد" refers to evidence or proof that supports a claim or argument. In various fields such as law, science, and history, شواهد are essential for validating theories, decisions, or events. They can take many forms, including documents, artifacts, or testimonies, and are crucial for establishing credibility. In the context of literature, شواهد can also refer to quotations or references that illustrate a point or theme within a text. These examples help readers understand the author's intent and provide a deeper insight into the work. Overall, شواهد play a vital role in supporting knowledge and understanding across different disciplines.