"دیوان (Madness)" is a term often used in Persian literature to describe a state of emotional turmoil or irrational behavior. It can refer to both a psychological condition and a metaphorical expression of intense passion or love. In poetry, it frequently symbolizes the struggle between reason and emotion, highlighting the complexities of human experience. In the context of Persian poetry, many renowned poets, such as حافظ and مولوی, explore themes of madness in their works. This concept serves as a powerful motif, illustrating the transformative power of love and the depths of despair, often leading to profound insights about life and existence.