ارضیات is the scientific study of the Earth's surface, including its structure, composition, and processes. It encompasses various sub-disciplines such as geology, geomorphology, and soil science, which help us understand how the Earth has changed over time and how it continues to evolve. This field also examines the interactions between the Earth's physical features and human activities. By studying ارضیات, researchers can assess natural resources, predict natural disasters, and develop strategies for sustainable land use, ultimately contributing to better environmental management and conservation efforts.