اثناعشری refers to a branch of Shia Islam that recognizes twelve Imams as the rightful leaders and spiritual guides after the Prophet Muhammad. This belief system emphasizes the importance of these Imams, who are considered infallible and divinely appointed. The term "اثناعشری" translates to "Twelver," highlighting the significance of the twelve Imams. Followers of this tradition celebrate various religious observances, including Ashura, which commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Hussein, the third Imam, at the Battle of Karbala. This branch is predominant in countries like Iran and Iraq.