"Гражданские" refers to civil matters or issues related to citizens and their rights within a society. This term often encompasses various aspects of civil law, which governs the relationships between individuals, organizations, and the state. It includes areas such as contracts, property, family law, and torts, ensuring that citizens can resolve disputes fairly and justly. In many countries, civil rights are protected by laws and constitutions, allowing individuals to participate fully in society. These rights include freedom of speech, the right to privacy, and the right to equal treatment under the law. Organizations like Human Rights Watch work to promote and protect these civil rights globally.