The Трансваальская республика, also known as the South African Republic, was a Boer republic in what is now South Africa. Established in 1852, it was recognized by the British Empire in the Sand River Convention. The republic was primarily inhabited by Dutch settlers, known as Boers, who sought independence from British rule. The Трансваальская республика played a significant role in the history of South Africa, particularly during the Second Boer War (1899-1902) against the British. The conflict arose from tensions over British expansion and control in the region. Ultimately, the republic was incorporated into the British Empire, leading to significant changes in South African governance.