Ατμάν (Self) is a concept in Indian philosophy, particularly in Hinduism and Buddhism, referring to the true essence or soul of an individual. It represents the inner self that transcends physical existence and is often seen as eternal and unchanging. Understanding the Ατμάν is essential for spiritual growth and self-realization. In Advaita Vedanta, a school of thought within Hinduism, the Ατμάν is identified with Brahman, the ultimate reality. This philosophy teaches that realizing the unity of Ατμάν and Brahman leads to liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death (samsara).