Ponts are structures built to span physical obstacles, such as rivers or roads, allowing for the passage of vehicles and pedestrians. They come in various designs, including beam, arch, and suspension types, each serving different purposes based on the location and load requirements. The construction of ponts dates back to ancient civilizations, with notable examples like the Pont du Gard in France. Modern engineering techniques have advanced the design and durability of ponts, making them essential for transportation networks worldwide.